NEWSpiracy Tutor Handbook EN

https://newspiracy.eu The project "NEWSpiracy" is co-funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union. The content of NEWSpiracy is the sole responsibility of the project partners and neither the European Commission nor the Spanish Service for the Internationalisation of Education (SEPIE) is responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Project Number: 2022-1-ES01-KA220-HED-000089608 Methodologies used in critical pedagogy The most important methodologies used in critical pedagogy are: Dialogue Dialogue is central to critical pedagogy, as it allows for the exchange of ideas and perspectives. It involves open and honest communication between the teacher and the student, with the goal of creating a collaborative learning environment (Freire, 2017). Problem-posing education This approach involves presenting students with real-world problems or issues and challenging them to find solutions. It encourages students to think critically, analyze information, and consider multiple perspectives (Freire, 2017). Freirean methodology This methodology is based on the work of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire, who emphasized the importance of education as a tool for social change. It involves engaging students in critical reflection and dialogue about the social, political, and economic conditions that shape their lives (Freire, 2017). Participatory action research This approach involves engaging students in research projects that are relevant to their lives and communities. It allows students to take an active role in the research process, develop critical thinking skills, and contribute to social change (Kemmis & McTaggart, 1988). Critical literacy Critical literacy involves helping students develop the skills to analyze and critique texts, media, and other forms of communication. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the social, political, and economic forces that shape the production and distribution of knowledge (Freire, 2017). Multicultural education Multicultural education involves recognizing and valuing diversity in the classroom and promoting social justice through education. It involves challenging dominant cultural narratives and promoting cultural understanding and respect (Banks, 1995). Critical Thinking In the term critical thinking, the word critical, (Grk. κριτικός = kritikos = "critic") derives from the word critic and implies a critique; it identifies the intellectual capacity and the means "of judging", "of judgement", "for judging", and of being "able to discern" (Brown, 1993). The origin of critical thinking can be traced to the teaching technique of Socrates, frequently referred to as the Socratic Method, which occurred over 2,400 years ago and which is portrayed in dialogues by Plato such as the Euthyphro, the Apology (Socrates’ defense at his trial), and the Republic. Since the time of Socrates, the history of the study of critical thinking is replete with research from philosophers and logicians, mathematicians and other scientists, psychologist and educators. By the 19th century, this effort resulted in the development of essential critical thinking tools in the realm of scientific methods, logic, and statistics (Daniel & Frank, 2020).